Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1951 to 1959

This  civil rights movement  timeline chronicles the fight for racial equality in its early days, the  1950s. That decade saw the first major victories for civil rights in the Supreme Court as well as the development of nonviolent protests and the transformation of Dr. Martin Luther King  Jr. into the movements preeminent leader. 1950 The U.S. Supreme Court strikes down the segregation of African Americans in graduate and law schools. The initial case was fought by Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. Marshall used this win to begin building a strategy to fight the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine established in 1896.   1951 Linda Brown, an 8-year-old girl in Topeka, Kan., lives within walking distance of a whites-only elementary school. Because of segregation, she has to travel by bus to a more distant school for African American children. Her father sues the school board of Topeka, and the U.S. Supreme Court agrees to hear the case. 1953 The Highlander Folk School in Monteagle, Tenn., which runs workshops on organizing protests for individuals such as union organizers, issues invitations to civil rights workers. 1954 The Supreme Court decides Brown v. Board of Education on May 17, arguing that separate but equal schools are inherently unequal. The decision legally prohibits school segregation, declaring it unconstitutional. 1955 Rosa Parks attends a workshop for civil rights organizers at the Highlander Folk School in July.On Aug. 28, Emmett Till, a 14-year-old African American boy from Chicago, is killed near Money, Miss., for allegedly whistling at a white woman.In November, the Federal Interstate Commerce Commission forbids segregation on interstate buses and trains.On Dec. 1, Rosa Parks refuses to give her seat to a white passenger on a bus in Montgomery, Ala., sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott.On Dec. 5, the Montgomery Improvement Association is established by a group of local Baptist ministers. The organization elects the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.,  pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, president. In this role, King would lead the boycott. 1956 In January and February, whites angry about the Montgomery Bus Boycott bomb four African American churches and the homes of civil rights leaders King, Ralph Abernathy, and E.D. Nixon.On court order, the University of Alabama admits its first African American student, Autherine Lucy, but finds legal ways to prevent her attendance.On Nov. 13, the Supreme Court upholds an Alabama district court ruling in favor of the Montgomery bus boycotters.The Montgomery Bus Boycott ends in December, having successfully integrated Montgomerys buses. 1957 King, along with Ralph Abernathy and other Baptist ministers, helps found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in January. The organization serves to fight for civil rights, and King is elected its first president.The governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus, obstructs the integration of Little Rock High School, using the National Guard to block the entry of nine students. President Eisenhower orders federal troops to integrate the school.Congress passes the Civil Rights Act of 1957, which creates the Civil Rights Commission and authorizes the Justice Department to investigate cases of African Americans being denied voting rights in the South. 1958 The Supreme Court decision Cooper v. Aaron rules that a threat of mob violence is not reason enough to delay school desegregation. 1959 Martin Luther King and his wife, Coretta Scott King, visit India, the homeland of Mahatma Gandhi, who won independence for India through nonviolent tactics. King discusses the philosophy of nonviolence with Gandhis followers. Updated by Femi Lewis.

Julius Ceaser Essay - 541 Words

Julius Ceaser Julius Caesar Julius Caesar was born on July 13th in 100B.C. His full name is Gaius Julius Caesar, which was the same as his father’s name. Julius Caesar was the most famous Roman general and was one of the most influential political and military leaders in history. He helped establish the vast Roman Empire. Caesar gained all his power in four different areas. Those areas are politics, government, religion, and in the military. Using these amazing powers he controlled many aspects of Roman life. In 84B.C. Caesar married Cornelia, the daughter of Lucis Cornelius Cinna, a noble who was Marious’ associate in revolution. Lucis Cornelius Sulla demanded they divorce in 83, but Caesar refused, risking his job and his life.†¦show more content†¦They gained control of Rome but soon split up by rivalries. Crassus died fighting in the East and Caesar went to Gaul and Britain. Pompey feared Caesar’s power and allied himself to the Senate. Between 58B.C. and 49B.C. Caesar conquered more territory in Gaul. He also led two expeditions to Britain. Caesar was going to seize power in Rome. He crushed an army led by Pompey. This left Caesar in charge of the military in Rome. It also signified the end of the Roman Republic. In 44B.C he was appointed dictator for life and in the same year was assassinated. Before his death he introduced reforms that helped strengthen Rome and protect his own power. He distributed land and money to the poor and granted Roman citizenship to people in provinces outside Italy. He also reduced unemployment by creating many building projects and increased the soldiers pay. He introduced a new calendar that was more accurate. It was based on the Hellenistic astronomy. It was called the Julian Calendar and was used in Europe until 1582A.D. Even though the Se nate and Assembly of tribes continued to exist, he still had total power. However many people referred to him as a tyrant and that he was destroying the Republic. Other people were jealous of all his popularity. Whatever the reason, on March 15th 44B.C. a group of conspirators that were led by Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus stabbed Julius CaesarShow MoreRelatedRhetoric in Julius Ceaser907 Words   |  4 Pages Rhetoric is the usage of words to persuade when writing or speaking. This was frequently used in William Shakespeare’s tragedy â€Å"Julius Caesar†, specifically in act 1 scene 2 by Cassius. By using his powers of manipulation with argumentation and persuasion, Cassius then tries to convince Brutus, a fellow Roman, to join in the conspiracy against Julius Caesar. Doing so, Cassius uses the rhetorical forms of pathos, logos, and the usage of rhetorical questions. One of the techniquesRead MoreClassical Civilizations: The Reigns of Caesar and Augustus1138 Words   |  5 PagesClassical Civilizations Dear Friend, The expansion of Roman territory into Gaul and the Rhine River are signs that the republic is continuing to enlarge its borders. This occurred with Julius Cesar successfully invading and capturing these areas in 60 BC. To achieve these objectives he had won election to the Senate and secured the support of key allies. Moreover, Cesar controlled a total of four legions. This gave him the ability to move further North into Britannia and secure the other sideRead More The Settlement and Innovations of Ancient Rome Essay715 Words   |  3 Pagesdefeat and suicide of Antony and Cleop atra, 30 BC). All the Mediterranean civilized world up to the disputed Parthian border was now Roman, and remained so for 500 years. 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Thousands of years ago the Romans and Greeks followed the system. In Roman Empire there was no King and the senate used to make the decision and they were so deeply in love with the system that when Julius Ceaser, the most beloved leader aspired to become king, he was killed in the senate by his fellow senators including his most beloved friend Brutus. Not long ago when Kings and Queens used to rule England there were continuous intrigues and fighting amongRead MoreHumanities in Ancient Rome2129 Words   |  9 Pages The forte of the Ancient Roman sculptures was in portraiture, or the representation of somebody. Romans were particularly concerned with the portraiture of their gods such as Jupiter, Mercury and Neptune as well as their emperor â€Å"gods† Augustus, Julius and Nero. Romans emperor were notoriously known for creating extravagant sculptures in their honor. Hands down the most famous of all statues was the world-famous Colossus of Nero. It was a gigantic bronze stature of the Emperor Nero. However, afterRead More The Bastille Essay1899 Words   |  8 PagesSolages; and Tavernier. The first four of them were all properly tried and convicted forgers; the Count of Solages was imprisoned on request of his family who suspected him to be guilty of murder and incest; and De Witt imagined himself to be Julius Ceaser, St. Louis, and sometimes God. The last, Tavernier had been locked up since 1759 for his part in the Damiens conspiracy against Louis XV. He was the only political prisoner that was found when the Bastille was liberated on July 14, 1789. ThereRead MoreThe Just Exercise of Political Power2076 Words   |  9 PagesShortly after, in 30 BC, the first emperor assumed position in Rome, which signaled the end of the Roman Republic. Considering this , Bernard Crick wrote â€Å"The Republic was torn to pieces by power-hungry tribunes or dictators like Pompey, Sulla, and Julius Ceaser† (Crick 30). Even though the Roman Republic fell, many of its legal structures are still a major influence throughout the world. By way of example, Cicero, who published the â€Å"Commonwealth† during the civil war, discussed the rise and decline ofRead MoreThe Life and Works of Dramatist Aphra Behn Essay2575 Words   |  11 Pagescaption also enslaves Oroonoko. They arrive in Surinam, where they are both stripped of their identities and handed new names; Oroonoko is renamed Caear and Imoinda becomes Clemene. By naming Oroonoko as Ceaser, Behn created an allusion to foreshadow Oroonoko’s later demise. In Shakespeare’s Julius Caeser, the Roman emperor Caeser dies on the steps of the Roman Senate after being stabbed and betrayed by his friends. Similarly, Oroonoko towards the end is betrayed by those who promised him freedom.

The 1989 Children Act Free Essays

Produce a table outlining the current legislation and guidelines relating to safeguarding. The 1989 Children Act This is the most important piece of legislation with regards to childcare. It simplified the laws that protect children and young people and made clear the duty of care for all those who work with children or young people. We will write a custom essay sample on The 1989 Children Act or any similar topic only for you Order Now Working together to safeguard children 2010 This document was produced to safeguard and protect children. To create and maintain a safe learning environment for children and young people. To give local authorities (LSCB) the power to produce own safeguarding policies. Laming Report 2003 Independent enquiry into the death of Victoria Climbie and other serious case reviews. It identified wide ranging failings of the safeguarding system. Many professionals working with children not following guidance in â€Å"working together† brought about the following piece of legislation Every child matters guidelines and children’s act 2004 This brought together agencies such as healthcare professionals, schools and welfare services. Created central database containing records of all children and whether known to different services. Independent children’s commissioner to oversee and protect all children’s rights and Ofsted to monitor children’s services. Other pieces of legislation Human rights act 1989 United Nations convention on the rights of the child 1989 Sexual Offences Act 2003 (New offences created such as grooming) Protection of children act 1989 (dealt with staff misconduct and recruitment ie POCA list) Safeguarding vulnerable groups act 1986 Independent safeguarding authority (ISA) was given a wider role in checking new workers, poor practice etc. Munro report 2011 – recommends a less bureaucratic and more child centred approach.   2/3 Write an explanation of child protection within the wider context of safeguarding children and young people, relating it to the policies and procedures in the school environment. Safeguarding is the new term used to describe â€Å"child protection†. It refers to the ways in which adults and professionals working with children need to act when managing issues regarding child protection. Everyone working with children has a duty to keep children safe, protected from harm and any concerns regarding any form of abuse to be passed to the safeguarding officer at school. The above guidelines, policies and procedures affect the day to day work carried out within schools and while issues will vary between schools, everyone within these establishments should be aware of safeguarding concerns and ensure that they always act appropriately and within the guidelines set out. All professionals working with children need to be CRB or DBS checked. This is to enable safe recruitment decisions and prevent unsuitable people working within a school environment. Risk assessments will need to be carried out on any activities or outings that have the potential to cause harm. The school will have procedures for risk assessments that will probably be carried out annually on the school buildings or grounds or individually for school visits and such. Child protection is the duty of all who work with children and everyone needs to be aware of the schools policy for reporting and recording suspected abuse. Keeping children secure on school premises with signing in procedures, secure fencing and gates, staff security badges and such. If a child is a cause for concern, child protection records will need to be kept and any issues raised will always need to be followed up. As a teaching assistant, our role would be to pass any concerns on to be followed up by the schools safeguarding officer. Photographs that may be shared with others outside school would need parental permission, as would outside school visits and extra-curricular activities. Health and Safety policies should be followed throughout the school and behaviour issues should be resolved to prevent harm to themselves or others. Anti-bullying policies should be in place and adhered to. The staff to pupil ratio should be sufficient at all times, internet safety should be in place and medical information should be shared in case of an emergency. Therefore, the primary concern of a school should be to keep its pupils safe and secure. Many procedures and policies will be in place to ensure this happens and the LSCB (Local safeguarding children board) will help ensure the safeguarding and welfare of children. Every child should have a voice that is heard and should have support it required. Confidentiality should be maintained and information should not be shared with anyone other than those who need to be involved. 1. 4 Explain when and why enquiries and serious case reviews are required and how the sharing of the findings informs practice. Serious case reviews take place when a child has died due to abuse or neglect and sometimes when a child has suffered serious injury or harm from violence, neglect or abuse. Working together to safeguard children guidance states that a serious case review (SCR) should take place when â€Å"the case gives rise to concerns about the way in which local professionals and services worked together to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. † The local safeguarding children boards (LSCBs) will consider whether a SCR is required when any professional or agency believe a serious incident has occurred. The purpose of a serious case review is to look for where improvements in practice can be made to limit the risks to other children and young people. Working together explains the purpose of a SCR as :- 1. To establish whether there are lessons to be learnt from a case about how local professionals and organisations work together to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. 2. Identify what those lessons may be, what is to be acted upon and what is expected to change. 3. Improve inter-agency working and better safeguard and promote the welfare of children. In 2001, Lord Laming was asked to chair and Independent Statutory Inquiry following the death of Victoria Climbie and to make recommendations as to how such an event may, as far as possible, be avoided in the future. Victoria Climbie was severely abused by her great aunt and her partner, which eventually resulted in her death. The inquiry found a gross failure in the system that was supposed to protect this little girl. The Laming report therefore recommended that a national agency should be setup to oversee the swift and effective implementation of the recommendations, such as directors of children’s services with no child protection should appoint an experienced social work manager to support them. The Government should provide child protection training for council leaders and senior management and the Ofsted framework is in place for child protection. 108 recommendations were made by this report including that there should be a much closer working relationship between agencies, a central database and an independent children’s commissioner for England. The Brichard Inquiry was a serious case review that was commissioned to look at the Soham murders. This found that record systems didn’t work properly, that the local intelligence system was fundamentally flawed so allegations that had been made about Ian Huntly were missed and his employment references were not checked properly. The main recommendation that came from this inquiry was the introduction of CRB checks and the need for them to be checked regularly. The Byron Review was a report ordered in September 2007 to review the risks children faced from exposure to harmful or inappropriate material on the internet and to produce recommendations that would help keep children safe. It concluded that there needed to be better regulation and better information and education, with the role of Government, law enforcement, schools and children’s services as key. This meant safer internet access was adopted in schools. Therefore, all of these SCRs have been instigated to help keep children safe. Other reviews, such as the Plymouth SCR, was commissioned as a result of a nursery worker been found to be taking inappropriate photographs of children that were then shared on the internet, As a result, mobile phones were banned in Nurseries and kept away from children in schools. No photographs are to be taken or shared without parental permission. So, legislation is often changed due to SCRs by the Government which is then passed to local authorities, this then influences and creates the policies that are implemented in school and other childcare agencies. SCR’s are conducted to learn from the mistakes made to then introduce changes to keep children safer and protected.. 5 Write a reflective account of how your school complies with the data protection act regarding information handling and sharing. The data protection act (1998) covers all aspects of how a school handles information. Information gathered by the school, including the context of safeguarding and child protection, is used only for the purpose for which it was collected. Therefore, information wouldn’t be shared or discussed with people who don’t need to know. All staff have to ensure that subjects discussed within school are not shared with others outside the environment for example, if approached by a parent outside of school I would not share any confidential information with them. The information collected is also kept securely with access only permitted to those who need it. Many records are kept on secure computer sites or, if they are paper records, they are kept locked in the school office where access is restricted. All information has to be accurate and kept up to date. Data collection sheets are sent out regularly to parents to ensure that the information held is accurate and current. This collects informations of a personal natures, provides contact details, medical informations, school lunches and how children get to school. Other information, including children’s SEN files and educational records are also reviewed regularly and shared only with those who need to know. The Data Protection Act gives rights to individuals in respect of the personal data held about them. This information can be accessed by them (or their parents) except in certain circumstances, for example, information that may cause serious harm or a risk of abuse to the individual or others. Therefore, all schools have a legal responsibility to adhere to the Data Protection Act and its codes of practice. How to cite The 1989 Children Act, Papers